Nowadays everyone knows how to use the computer even kids and adult people but they don't know how a computer works and how it be programmed. Basically, the computer had been a program by the programmer using a programming language.
Low-level Language:-
-Machine language is the first generation of programming languages, this language is only recognized by the computer.
-Assembly language is the second generation of programming languages. use of symbolic instructions.
-Source program contains the code to be converted to machine language.
-Procedural language instructions that tell the computer what and how to do.
- Third generation language is a compiler translates an entire program before executing it and an interpreter converts and executes one code statement at a time.
- C programming language used to write many of today's programs
- COBOL (common business oriented language) designed for business application with easy to read English like a statement.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) language allows programmers the ability to reuse and modify existing objects. other advantages include:-
- Object can be reused
- Programmers create applications faster
- Work well in a RAD environment
- Most program development tools are IDEs
-Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by sun microsystem. just in time (JIT) compiler converts byte code into machine dependent code.
-Microsoft is the NET framework allows almost any type of program to run on the internet or an internal business network. Features include CLR (common language runtime) and classes.
-C++ is an extension of the c programming language.
-C# is based on C++ and was developed by Microsoft.
-F# combines the benefits of an object-oriented language with those of a functional language.
-Visual Studio is Microsoft’s suite of program development tools:
-Visual Basic is based on the BASIC programming language
-Visual C++ is based on C++
-Visual C# combines the programming elements of C++ with an easier, rapid-development e- environment]
-A visual programming language is a language that uses a visual or graphical interface for creating all source code.
-Borland’s Delphi is a powerful program development tool that is ideal for building large-scale enterprise and Web applications in a RAD environment.
-PowerBuilder is a powerful program development RAD tool.
-Best suited for Web-based,NET, and large-scale enterprise object-oriented applications.
Other Programming language and development tools:-
-Fourth generation language is a nonprocedural language that enables users and programmers to access data in a database the popular one is 4GL is SQL.
-Classic programming language include:-
- Ada
- ALGOL
- APL
- BASIC
- Forth
- FORTRAN
- Hyper Talk
- LISP
- Logo
- Modula-2
- Pascal
- PILOT
- PL/1
- Prolog
- RPG
- Smalltalk
-Application generator is a program that creates source code or machine code from a specification of the required functionality.
-Macro is a series of statements that instructs an application how to complete a task that can be created in two ways record the macro with macro recorder and write the macro.
Web page development:-
-HTML is a special formatting language that programmers use to format documents for display on the web.
-XHTML is a markup language that allows websites to be displayed more easily on mobile devices.
-XML allows web developers to create customized tags and use predefined tags to display content appropriately on various devices. Applications of XML are RSS 2.0 and ATOM.
-WML s a subset of XML and is used to design pages for microbrowsers.
-CGI (common gate interface) used to send and receive information between the computer and a web server such as scripts, applets, servlets and activeX controls.
-Dynamic HTML (DHTML) allows Web developers to include more graphical interest and interactivity.
-Cascading style sheets (CSS) contain the formats for how a particular object should be displayed.
-Ruby on Rails (RoR) provides technologies for developing object-oriented, database-driven Web sites.
-Web 2.0 allows Web sites to provide a means for users to:
- Share personal information
- Allow users to modify Web site content
- Have application software built into the site
-Web page authoring software can create modern web pages that include images, video, audio, animation and other effects such as:-
- Dreamweaver
- Expression web
- Flash
- Sharepoint designer
-Multimedia authoring software allows programmers to combine text, graphics, animation, audio, and video in an interactive presentation.
For example;-
-Tool book
-Director
Program Development consists of a series of steps programmers use to build computer programs
where it is same as the system development life cycle which contains five steps and also programs development life cycle:-
Step 1-Analyze requirements:-
1) Reviews the requirements
2) identifies input, processing, and output A.K.A IPO chart.
Step 2-Design solution:-
1) Design a solution algorithm
2) Structured design where the programmer begins with the general design before moving towards detailed design.
3) Hierarchy chart shows program modules graphically.
4) Object oriented design is where programmer packages the data and program into a single object A.K.A encapsulation
5) Sequence control structure shows one or more actions following each other in order.
6) Selection control structure tells the program which action to take based on certain conditions.
7) Repetition control structure enables a program to perform one or more actions repeatedly as long as o certain condition is met.
8) A Flowchart graphically shows the logic in a solution algorithm. This software is easy to modify and update the flowcharts.
9) The pseudo code uses a condensed form of English to convey program logic.
10) Unified modeling language (UML) standard notation for object modeling and developmen.
Step 3-Validate Design:-
Check for logic error using test data.
steps:-
1) Development various sets of test data.
2) Determine the expected results.
3) Step through the algorithm.
4) Compare the results.
5) Repeat steps for each set of test data.
Step 4-Implement design:-
Using a program development tool that assists the programmer by:-
- Generating or providing some or all code.
-Writing the code that translates the design into a computer program.
- Creating the user interface.
Extreme programming a strategy where programmers immediately begin coding and testing as soon as requirements are defined.
Step 5-Test solution:-
The goal of program testing is to ensure the program runs correctly and is error free.
-Some errors are syntax errors and logic errors
-Debugging is the program involves removing the bugs.
-A beta is a program that has most or all of its features and functionality implemented.
Step 6-Document solution:-
In this step the programmer performs two activities which is :-
-Review the program code.
-Review all the documentation.
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